Apparatus for transfusion of blood



Oct. 11, 1932. E. DRUMMOND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD FiledApril 9. 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. 11, 1932. E. DRUMMOND 1,332,412

APPARATUS FOR TRANSFUSIQN OF BLOOD Filed April 9, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2Z and: E flrammana Arra/Pwe' Patented Oct. 11, 1932 UNITEDIV'STATFEISLoUIsn. nnummonn, or UPPER DARBY, PENNSYLVANIA APPARATUS nonrnAnsrusroN- or moon 7 i Application filed April 9, 1931. Serial. No.528,785.

Objects of the present'invention are to facilitate and improve thetransfusion of blood from the donor to the patient, to preclude allpossibility ofa reversal of flow from in the direction of from, thedonor to the patient, to accurately and automatically measure and recordthequantity of blood transfused, to guard against accidentalinterruptionof' the flow, andto provide for convenience in cleaning'theapparatus em ployed. p

Generally stated, the invention consists of a pump having detent orlocking and unlocking devices which compel its hand operated piston tobe normally operated throughfull length strokes and then only when thepump valve is put by thepiston in proper position for intake from thedonor and for outlet to the patientand which permit the piston to beoperated for intermediate and full length strokes, on occasion, fortheintake and expulsion of cleaning'fiuid, only when the pump valveisputby the piston in proper position to cut out both the donor andpatient and connect the fluid, the pump also having an integratingindicator responsive to full piston strokes delivering blood to thepatient, and the apparatus as a whole being capable of ready disassemblyfor cleaning and assembly for use. 7

The invention also comprisesthe improvements to be presently describedand finally claimed. 7

In the following description reference will be made to the accompanyingdrawings forming part hereof and in which s Figure 1 is a top or planView with parts broken away.

Fig. 2 is a side view; V

Figs. 3, 4L and 5 are transverse sectional views taken respectively onthe lines 3.3, 1 4, and 55 of Fig. 2. a Fig. 6is a view similar to Fig.4 showmg the parts in another position.

Fig. 7 is a view partlyin elevation and partly in section and referredto in connection with the following description of the disassembly ofthe parts. V

Inthe drawings 1 is a fixed frame and it may well be provided with aclamp 2 for cletachably securing it to an: appropriate sup port; Thereisa three way'valve plug?) operatively immovable-on the fixed frame. As

shownit projects from a standard 4 forming part of the fixed frame.There is a cylinder 5 operativelyfixed on the frame 1 andit may well bemade of glass and marked with a;scale indicating its position in respectto the piston and in that way the contents of the cylinder. Thecylinder-Eris shown as carried by a stand ard or support 6 attached tothe framev 1. There is a port 7 from the cylinder to the plug 3 of thevalve. 8 generally indicates aframe mounted for limitedoscillation onthe fixed frame. As shown it is pivoted on the supports 4 and 6, and its'osoillatingmoves ment is limited by contact'with stop 9.provided on thesupport 6. Thereis athree-Way valvecasing lO forming part of theoscillating frame, audit is providedwith three openings for cooperationrespectively with: three openings the plug valve 3. There is a thirdframe, generally indicated at 11 and it has a handle 12. Thisthirdflframeis reciprocatably mounted on the second frame and isprovidedwith a plunger13forithe cylinder 5.

There is'mechanism interposedbetween the I fixedframe 1 and the othertwo frames 8 and 11, and it is adapted to permit endwise motion in twodirections of thethirdframe 11 in middle position'thereofshown in Fig.4, and to afford endwise motionthereof only in one direction in eachof'th'e two limiting positions thereof of which one is indicated in Fig.6. This mechanism comprisesa toothed rack l lon the framel, and a yoke15 on the recip-f rocating frame. This yoke is provided at itsintermediate portion with a'notch 16 throughwhich the rack limay freelypass. a The yoke 15: is also provided with two other notches 17 and 18.At the notch .18-i s arranged a pawl 19. Upon inward motion of thehandle 12 the rack .14 passes 'freely through the notch 18, andthe'detent19 prevents any possibility of movement ofthehandle 12 outward.The notch 17 is fitted with a detent 20 and upon completion of the in,-ward stroke of the handle "and not before, the frame 11 can be turned toalign the notch 17 with the rack and then the handle can be moved freelyoutward but only for a full stroke. It will be understood that the frame11 can be turned only when the yoke is clear of the ends of therack. Inthis way since the piston makes full strokes only, the quantity of bloodtransfused ateach stroke is the same and is known.

There 1s an integratmg mechanism interposed between the fixed frame landthe third frame 11, and it is actuated by the movements of the thirdframe 11 in inward direction only, which is-the direction oftransmitting blood to the patient, previously taken from the donor. Asshown this mechanism comprises a rotating graduated and numbered disk 21provided with ratchet teeth 22, and these teeth are engaged bya pawl 23actuated through a post 24 by av cam 25 on the sliding frame 11 when thelatter is moved inwards.

The mode of operation may be described as follows: j v

The nozzle 26 is connected by proper means with the patient. The nozzle27 is likewise connected with thedonor, and the nozzle 28 is connectedwith a supply of cleaning fluid. With the parts in the positions shown,the oscillating frameS is turned in the position opposite to that. shownin Fig. 6. This connects the bore 7, Fig.7, through the openings 29 and30, Fig. 5, with the nozzle 26. The handle 12 is pulled out carryingwith it the plunger 13 and drawing a cylinder full or measured quantityof blood from the donor. TheoutWardstrOke must be completed in order togetthe yoke 15 clear of the rack so that the frame 8 can be turned, andthe detent 20 prevents all retrograde movement of the handle. Uponcompletion of the out stroke, the frame 8 is turned into the positionshown in Fig. 6. This disconnects the donor and connects the patient byway of the port7 and the passages 30 and 1 31, Fig. 5. I The handle 12is then pushed in and the instroke is .a full stroke by reason of theaction of the detent 19. Thus the cylinderfull of blood is injected intothe patient. On the instroke the cam 25, operating on the post 24,actuates the disk 21 and indicates that one cylinder full of blood hasbeen transfused. By repetition and observation the requiredrquantity ofblood can be transferred. By turning the frame 8 into middle position,at the end of a stroke in either direction, both the patient and donorare cut out and the passage '7, Fig. 7, is connected by passages and 35,Fig. 5, with thenozzle 28, and in that position the piston can be workedfreely in either direction because the notch 16 is not provided with adetent. In this way coagul'ated, blood, if any, can beiwashed from the 7cylinder and then the transfusion operation can be renewed or,continued.

The provisions for cleaning all parts of the apparatus which are exposedto blood will now be described.

The valve casing 10 is turnab-ly mounted on the plug 3 and is pressed bya spring 39, mounted on an extension 40 of the plug. 42 and 43 arecollars at the ends of the spring, and'44- is a turnable catch whichpermits of the removal of the spring and valve casing 10. The valvecasing is connected with the turn able frame 8 by the nozzles 27 and 26which take into forks 45 on the'frame, so thatthe valve casing can beremoved, and when returned to place is properly positioned.

The plug 3 is secured to the support 4 by a thumb nut46 engaging athreaded stem 47 on the plug 3 and also the face of the support '4.

After the spring 39 and valve casing 10 have been removed by releasingthe latch 44, the valve casing and nozzles can be washed. The yoke at 11is pivoted on the sleeve 45 of the sliding frame and has a notch whichengages the sleeve 46 and may be clamped and released by means of theset screw 47. The sleeves 45 and 46'" slide on rods 48 and 49 on theoscillating frame 8. The: yoke at 11 is provided with a claw 50 pivotedat 51 and provided with a-set screw '52. The claw 50 detachably engagesa button 53 on the piston be withdrawn toward tne right in *ig. 2.

Its extension passes through a hole in the support 4. Thus the plug' canbe cleaned. The pin 55 on the :plug, Fig. 7, entersa hole in thesupport4, Fig. 3, and serves to posi tion the plug. The parts are assembled bya reversal of the described operations.

It will be obvious to those skilled'in the art to which the inventionrelates that modi- I fications may be made in details of constructionand arrangement and matters of mere form without departing. fromthespirit of the invention which is not limited to such matters orotherwisethan the prior art" and the appended claims may require.

Iclaim: I 7

1. Apparatus for transfusion of blood comprising, in combination, a pumphaving a single cylinder and having a piston andpiston supply ofcleaning fluid locking and unlocking devices which compel the piston tobe operated through full length strokes when the pump valve is in properposition for intake from the donor and for outlet to the patient andwhich permit the piston to be operated for strokes of any length whenthe valve is in position to cut out both donor and patient and toconnect a supply of cleaning fluid, and an integrating mechanismresponsive to full piston delivery strokes to the patient.

2. Apparatus for transfusion of blood comprising, in combination, afixed frame, a three way valve plug and acylinder having tommunicationwith the plug and both mounted on the fixed frame, an oscillating framemounted for limited oscillation on the fixed frame and having avalvecasing provided with three outlets, a reciprocatory framereciprocatinglymounted on the second frame and having a handle and a plunger for saidcylinder, locking and unlocking detent mechanism interposed between thefixed frame and the other two frames and adapted to permit freereciprocation of the reciprocatory frame in middle position of theoscillating frame and to afford full stroke reciprocation thereof in onedirection only in each of the limiting positions of the oscillatingframe.

3. Apparatus for transfusion of blood comprising, in combination, afixed frame, a three way valve plug and a cylinder having communicationwith the plug and both mounted on the fixed frame, an oscillating framemounted for limited oscillation on the fixed frame and having a valvecasing provided with three outlets, a reciprocatory framereciprocatingly mounted on the second frame and having a handle and aplunger for said cylinder, locking and unlocking detent mechanisminterposed between the fixed frame and the other two frames and adaptedtopermit free reciprocation of the reciprocatory frame in middleposition of the oscillating frame and to afford full strokereciprocation thereof in one direction only in each of the limitingpositions of the oscillating frame, and integrating mechanism betweenthe fixed frame and the reciprocating frame and adapted for actuation bymovement of the reciprocating frame in one direction only.

4. Apparatus for transfusion of blood comprising, in combination, afixed frame, a three way valve plug and a cylinder having communicationwith the plug and both mounted on the fixed frame, an oscillating framemounted for limited oscillation on the fixed frame and having a.valvecasing provided with three outlets,a reciprocatory framereciprocatingly mounted on the second frame and having a handle and aplunger for said cylinder, a rack on the fixed frame, a yoke carried onthe reciprocatory frame and for the free passage of the rack, anddetents on the yoke cooperating with the rack to insure full strokes ofthe oscillating frame;

5. In apparatus for the transfusion of blood a fixed frame having twostandards each provided with an opening, a reciprocating frame,

a plunger and a cylinder-both removable.

llfo adapted to clear the rack at each end of the stroke thereof topermit turning of the oscillating frame, said yoke provided with notches

